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Portugal offers free public education for children and teenagers from ages 6 to 18, covering primary school, middle school, and secondary school. Classes are taught mainly in Portuguese, and schools follow a national curriculum designed to prepare students for university, vocational training, or the job market.
While education is free, families may still have small expenses such as school materials or meals, depending on each school’s policies.
The Portuguese Education System
The Portuguese Education System is regulated by the Ministry of Education, which ensures consistent standards and quality across all schools. Families can choose between free public education or a wide range of private and international options.
Although compulsory schooling starts at age 6, it’s very common for parents to place their children in kindergarten earlier to support social and cognitive development.
Portuguese is the main language of instruction in public schools, but expat families often choose international schools for an easier transition and stronger multilingual learning.
Portugal also offers a highly supportive environment for English-speaking students—the country ranked 6th globally in English proficiency according to Education First’s 2025 report—making it even more appealing for families relocating from abroad.
Structure of the Education in Portugal
The structure of the Portuguese education system—whether you choose public or private schooling—is organized into four main stages that guide students from early learning through preparation for higher education or vocational paths. These stages cover the entire journey from age 6 to 18, ensuring a smooth and progressive transition as children develop academically, socially, and personally.
Pre-School Education in Portugal
Pre-school education in Portugal is designed to support children between 3 and 6 years old, offering a warm, structured environment that helps them develop social, emotional, and early learning skills before entering primary school. Most kindergartens operate around 5 to 7 hours per day, though exact schedules can vary between public, private, and charitable institutions.
A major improvement came in 2022, when the Portuguese government introduced a new scheme making pre-school completely free for children born on or after 1 September 2021. This initiative has made early education more accessible for families across the country, encouraging more children to benefit from quality early learning.
Basic Education in Portugal
Basic education, also known as primary and lower secondary education, is free and compulsory in Portugal, covering children roughly from ages 6 to 16.
The system is designed to give every student a strong academic foundation and is divided into three cycles, each with its own learning goals and curriculum.
All children who turn six by 15 September must be enrolled in school for that academic year, ensuring they begin their education on time and progress through the stages with their age group.
These years focus on core subjects such as Portuguese, mathematics, sciences, social studies, arts, and physical education, helping students build essential skills for their later academic journey.
Public Primary Schools in Portugal
Public primary schools in Portugal are free of charge, which makes them the most common choice for Portuguese families as well as many expats planning a long-term stay.
Enrollment is generally based on your residential address, so your child is placed in a school close to where you live. During the application process, parents must provide proof of address. There is also the option to enroll a child in a school located near a parent’s workplace, which can make daily routines easier for many families.
Public schools teach primarily in Portuguese, which can be challenging at first for children who don’t speak the language. However, many schools offer support programs to help non-Portuguese-speaking students integrate more smoothly.
For families planning to settle permanently, public schools can be a great way for children to learn the language and adapt quickly to local life.
Private Primary Schools in Portugal
Private primary schools in Portugal, including international schools, offer families the option for children to study in their own language, which is especially helpful for expats relocating to Portugal or Portuguese families returning from abroad.
These schools often follow international curricula—such as the British, American, or IB programs—allowing children to continue their current learning path without disruption.
One of the biggest benefits of private and international schools is the individualized attention and smaller class sizes, which help children adapt more comfortably and progress at their own pace.
Many schools also provide a multicultural environment, modern facilities, and a wider range of extracurricular activities.
Secondary Education in Portugal
Secondary education in Portugal is mandatory for students aged 15 to 18, guiding teenagers toward either higher education or vocational pathways. This stage helps students deepen their academic skills while exploring future career interests.
Secondary school is divided into different study areas—such as sciences, humanities, arts, economics, or technology—allowing students to choose a path that aligns with their goals. For those planning to continue to university, Portugal requires students to complete national certification exams, known as Exames Nacionais.
Higher Education in Portugal
Higher education in Portugal is divided into two main systems: universities and polytechnics. Both offer high-quality academic options, but each has a different focus.
- Universities emphasize theoretical knowledge, research, and academic development. They offer programs such as medicine, law, engineering, economics, computer science, psychology, and humanities.
- Polytechnics focus on practical, career-oriented training with strong links to industry. Common programs include nursing, hospitality and tourism, business management, design, media, engineering technologies, and applied sciences.
Portugal’s reputation for education continues to grow globally. Eight Portuguese universities were ranked among the top worldwide in the 2025 QS World University Rankings, showcasing the country’s strong academic standing.
Most undergraduate courses—especially bachelor’s degrees—are taught primarily in Portuguese. However, many of the country’s most respected universities offer English-language programs at the master’s and PhD levels, making Portugal increasingly attractive to international students.
Most Popular Education Curriculums in Portugal
Portugal offers a variety of curriculums to meet the needs of both local and international families. The Portuguese National Curriculum is the standard option in public schools and many private ones, providing a solid academic pathway from primary to secondary education.
For expats, several international curriculums are widely available. The British Curriculum (IGCSE and A-Levels) and the American Curriculum are among the most common, giving students continuity if they come from those systems. The International Baccalaureate (IB) is also increasingly popular for its global focus and strong university recognition.
Additional options include the French, German, and Spanish curriculums, offered through long-established international schools. This diversity allows families to choose the education style that best fits their child’s background and future plans.
Vocational Education in Portugal
Vocational education in Portugal is designed to prepare students for technical and professional careers through practical, real-world training. The Portuguese education system offers these programs at both the secondary and post-secondary levels, giving young people multiple pathways to build valuable skills.
These courses focus heavily on hands-on learning, covering areas such as hospitality, construction, mechanics, health services, information technology, and other in-demand sectors. By blending classroom instruction with practical training, vocational programs equip students with the knowledge and confidence needed to enter the workforce quickly—making this an excellent option for those who prefer a more direct route into employment.
A key strength of vocational education in Portugal is the inclusion of internships and on-the-job experience. Students gain real workplace exposure, build professional networks, and often transition smoothly into full-time roles after completing their training.
Portugal School Fees
Public education in Portugal is free, with no tuition fees for primary or secondary school. This makes public schooling the most affordable option for families living in the country.
For those considering alternative options, private primary and secondary schools typically charge between €400 and €500 per month, depending on the school, location, and services offered.
When it comes to higher education, public universities generally have accessible tuition fees. Bachelor’s and Master’s programs usually range from €1,000 to €1,200 per academic year. Private universities, however, are significantly more expensive, with annual tuition fees ranging from €5,000 to €15,000.
Families looking into international schools should be prepared for higher monthly costs. Tuition often starts at around €800 per month, usually not including additional services such as transportation, meals, sports, or extracurricular activities. At the top end, well-known international schools—like St. Julian’s in Carcavelos—can reach €1,800 per month.
Homeschooling in Portugal
Homeschooling is legal in Portugal, although it remains uncommon among Portuguese families. However, it has become increasingly popular within the expat community, especially for parents seeking more flexibility during relocation or while their children adjust to a new language and environment.
Families who choose homeschooling must register their child with a local public school, which oversees progress and ensures the national curriculum is being followed. Students are also required to complete annual assessments to remain aligned with the Portuguese education system and meet the academic standards set by the Ministry of Education.
How to Choose the Best School in Portugal for Your Children
Choosing the right school in Portugal plays a big role in helping your child settle in comfortably. The points below outline the key factors to consider when comparing schools in Portugal.
- Location: Pick a school that fits your family’s daily routine, ideally close to home or work.
- Visit the school: Touring the campus and meeting teachers helps you understand the environment and teaching style.
- Curriculum: Review whether the school follows the Portuguese system, British, American, IB, or another international program.
- Language: Consider the main language of instruction and the support available for non-Portuguese-speaking students.
- Extracurricular activities: Look for sports, arts, music, and clubs that match your child’s interests and support their development.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How does the Portugal education system work?
The Portugal education system offers free public schooling from primary to secondary levels. Higher education includes universities and polytechnic institutions that cover academic and practical fields.
Is education in the Portuguese education system compulsory?
Yes, education in the Portuguese education system is compulsory from ages six to 18. This covers primary, lower secondary, and upper secondary schooling.
What language does Portugal schooling use?
Public schools teach in Portuguese. However, many private and international schools offer bilingual programs, with instruction in English, French, or other languages.
Are there private school options within the Portugal education system?
Yes, the Portugal education system includes private schools with various curriculums, including British, American, and International Baccalaureate, catering to both local and expat families.
How do international schools fit into the Portuguese education system?
International schools in Portugal provide curriculums like the British, American, or IB programs. These schools help expat children adapt easily while aligning with the Portugal education system.
Does Portugal schooling support children with special needs?
Yes, many schools in the Portugal education system offer resources and specialists for children with special needs, providing support and individualized learning plans.
Are there specific options for expat children within the Portugal education system?
Expat families can find international schools or bilingual programs within the Portuguese education system. These options help children transition smoothly and continue their studies.
How affordable is Portuguese schooling?
Public schools are free for residents in Portugal. Private schools charge tuition, and fees vary depending on the curriculum and level, ranging from affordable to high-end options.
Can students continue to higher education after Portugal schooling?
Yes, students can pursue higher education after completing Portugal schooling. Universities and polytechnic institutions offer degree programs across diverse fields.
What is the importance of understanding the Portugal education system for expats?
Understanding the Portugal education system helps expat families choose the right school type, ensuring a smooth educational experience for their children and supporting their overall adaptation to life in Portugal.
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