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For those looking to relocate to Southern Europe, Portugal and Spain offer two popular residency options: the Portugal D7 Visa and the Spain Non-Lucrative Visa. Both are designed for retirees and financially independent individuals with stable income who want to live in Europe without relying on local employment.
While these visas share similarities, they differ in income requirements, work permissions, residency obligations, and long-term benefits. Understanding these differences can help you choose the residency program that best fits your lifestyle and financial situation.
What is the Portugal D7 Visa?
The Portugal D7 Visa, often called the Passive Income Visa, is a residency visa designed for non-EU/EEA/Swiss nationals who can support themselves through stable income from abroad.
Eligible income sources may include:
- pensions
- rental income
- dividends
- investment income
- other passive income streams
The visa allows holders to obtain a temporary residence permit in Portugal, giving them the right to live in the country and travel throughout the Schengen Area.
After obtaining residency, D7 holders may also work, freelance, or run a business in Portugal if they choose.
Portugal introduced the D7 visa to attract financially self-sufficient individuals seeking a high quality of life, mild climate, and relatively affordable Portugal cost of living.
What is the Spain Non-Lucrative Visa?
The Spain Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) is a residency visa for non-EU nationals who can financially support themselves without working in Spain.
It is commonly used by:
- retirees
- financially independent individuals
- people living from investments or savings
The visa grants residency for one year initially, followed by two-year renewals, allowing holders to live in Spain long term.
However, employment with a Spanish company is not permitted under this visa, and it is generally intended for individuals who can sustain themselves through passive income or savings.
Portugal D7 Visa vs Spain Non-Lucrative Visa: Key Comparison
| Feature | Portugal D7 Visa | Spain Non-Lucrative Visa |
|---|---|---|
| Income requirement | ~€920/month | ~€2,400/month |
| Work allowed | Yes (after residency issued) | No |
| Initial residence permit | 2 years | 1 year |
| Renewal period | 3 years | 2 years |
| Permanent residency | After 5 years | After 5 years |
| Citizenship eligibility | 5 years | 10 years (2 for some Latin Americans) |
| Minimum stay requirement | ~16 months over 2 years | 183+ days per year |
| Schengen travel | Yes | Yes |
Overall, Portugal’s D7 visa offers lower financial requirements and greater flexibility, particularly for those who want to maintain remote work or business activities.
Processing Time Comparison
Processing times vary depending on the consulate and administrative workload.
Portugal D7 Visa
- Consulate processing: 1–2 months
- Residence permit appointment: 1–3 months (depending on appointment availability)
- Total estimated timeline: 3–6 months
Once approved, the visa is valid for four months to enter Portugal and attend a residency appointment with the immigration authorities.
Processing times can vary depending on consulate workload, appointment availability at VFS visa centres, and scheduling delays with AIMA. You can read more about VFS appointment delays and AIMA processing times in our detailed guides.
Spain Non-Lucrative Visa
- Consulate processing: 1–3 months
- TIE residence card appointment: around 1 month
- Total estimated timeline: 2–4 months
The visa allows entry into Spain and must be followed by applying for the TIE residence card after arrival.
Cost Comparison
Application fees for both visas are relatively similar, though residence permit costs differ.
Portugal D7 Visa
- Visa application fee: €90–€120
- Residence permit fee: €160–€180
- Renewal fees: €160–€180
Spain Non-Lucrative Visa
- Visa application fee: €80–€150
- TIE residence card fee: €16–€22
- Renewal fees: €16–€22
Fees may vary depending on the consulate or administrative costs in each country.
Get In Touch With a Portugal Immigration Specialist
Portugal Residency Advisors® has assisted numerous international families in successfully relocating to Portugal and securing residency. Discover how our trusted, all-in-one solution makes your move simple and successful.
Tax Comparison
Portugal and Spain have different tax implications depending on how long residents stay in the country.
In Portugal, individuals become tax residents if they spend more than 183 days per year in the country or maintain a habitual residence there.
In Spain, residents typically become tax residents if they spend 183 days or more per year in Spain.
Both countries have double taxation agreements, allowing residents to avoid being taxed twice on the same income.
Other tax differences include:
- Portugal does not have a wealth tax, while Spain applies a wealth tax above certain asset thresholds.
- Inheritance and gift taxes in Portugal are generally low for close family members, while Spain applies inheritance taxes depending on the region.
- Capital gains tax on investment income is 28% in Portugal, while in Spain it ranges from 19% to 26%.
Which Visa Should You Choose?
Choosing between Portugal’s D7 Visa and Spain’s Non-Lucrative Visa depends on your priorities.
Portugal’s D7 Visa tends to be the more flexible and accessible option, especially for people who want to maintain some level of work activity or need a lower income requirement.
Portugal also offers a shorter path to citizenship, allowing naturalization after five years of residency.
Spain’s Non-Lucrative Visa may appeal to those who strongly prefer Spain’s culture, cities, or lifestyle and who do not intend to work while living there.
For many retirees, remote workers, and financially independent individuals, Portugal’s D7 Visa provides a more affordable and flexible path to European residency.
Get Professional Guidance for Your Portugal Visa
As a relocation and investment company, Portugal Residency Advisors® provide end-to-end services for individuals, families, and businesses looking to relocate or invest in Portugal. Our team of experts assists with the Portugal D7 Visa, Golden Visa, and other residency programs, ensuring a smooth and efficient process from start to finish.
We offer comprehensive support, including visa application assistance, document preparation, financial proof guidance, NIF registration, bank account setup, and accommodation solutions. Additionally, we handle business setup, real estate investment, and legal compliance, tailored to your needs.
With our expertise in Portuguese immigration and investment laws, we help simplify the process, reducing delays and ensuring a successful transition to life or business in Portugal.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which visa requires less income: Portugal’s D7 Visa or Spain’s Non-Lucrative Visa?
Portugal’s D7 Visa requires significantly less income. As of 2026, applicants must show around €920 per month based on Portugal’s minimum wage. Spain’s Non-Lucrative Visa requires about €2,400 per month, calculated from Spain’s IPREM index. Because of this difference, Portugal’s D7 Visa is often more accessible for retirees and financially independent individuals.
Can I work in Portugal with the D7 Visa or in Spain with the Non-Lucrative Visa?
Portugal’s D7 Visa allows residents to work, freelance, or run a business after obtaining their residence permit. Spain’s Non-Lucrative Visa does not allow employment in Spain, as it is intended for people who can support themselves without working. Remote workers in Spain typically apply for the Digital Nomad Visa instead.
Is the cost of living lower in Portugal or Spain for visa holders?
Portugal generally has a slightly lower cost of living than Spain, especially outside major cities. Housing, groceries, and dining are often cheaper in cities like Porto or Braga compared to Madrid or Barcelona. However, living costs vary depending on the region and lifestyle in both countries.
How long does it take to get Portugal’s D7 Visa or Spain’s Non-Lucrative Visa?
Processing times vary by consulate. The Portugal D7 Visa usually takes around 3–6 months, including the residence permit appointment after arrival. Spain’s Non-Lucrative Visa typically takes about 2–4 months. Delays may occur depending on consulate workload and appointment availability.
Which visa leads to citizenship faster, Portugal’s D7 Visa or Spain’s Non-Lucrative Visa?
Portugal offers a faster path to citizenship. Applicants may apply for Portuguese citizenship after five years of legal residency. In Spain, the general requirement is ten years of residency, although citizens of certain Latin American countries may qualify after two years.
Do I need private health insurance for Portugal’s D7 Visa or Spain’s Non-Lucrative Visa?
Yes. Both visas require private health insurance during the application process. After becoming legal residents, individuals may gain access to the public healthcare system, depending on their situation and contributions.
Do I need to buy property to qualify for Portugal’s D7 Visa or Spain’s Non-Lucrative Visa?
No. Buying property is not required for either visa. Applicants only need to show sufficient financial means and accommodation, which can be either rented or owned. Many applicants rent a property before deciding whether to purchase real estate.
Can I bring my family with me on Portugal’s D7 Visa or Spain’s Non-Lucrative Visa?
Yes. Both visas allow family reunification, meaning spouses and dependent children can join the main applicant. However, you must show additional financial resources to support each family member included in the application.
How long are the Portugal D7 Visa and Spain Non-Lucrative Visa valid?
Portugal’s D7 Visa leads to a two-year residence permit, which can later be renewed for three years. Spain’s Non-Lucrative Visa grants one year of residency initially, followed by two-year renewals. After five years of legal residence, both countries offer eligibility for permanent residency.
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